This panel discussed the potential alternatives in order to overcome the weaknesses of the current disarmament and nonproliferation regime, based on the NPT. Different views were presented concerning the possibility of reinforcing, supplementing or radically changing the regime in order to reduce dangers of proliferation.

There were an ample arc of opinions, with panelists representing each one of the alternatives. The idea of replacing the NPT by a Nuclear Weapons Convention was discussed, as well as the possibility of enhancing the Treaty by improving  enforcement mechanisms for violators, with a key role of the UNSC on it. 

Among the points raised, the need of universalizing  the Additional Protocol was stated as key to enhance the regime. The controversy of the Brazilian non signature was deeply discussed.